Kw¤úDUvi m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK avibv
nviæbyi iwk`
Kw¤úDUvi: Pvjm© e¨v‡eR GKRb Bs‡iR MwYZwe` 1830 mv‡j cÖ_g GbvjM Kw¤úDUvi Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| Gici nvfvW© wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ÔnvDqvW GwKbÕ GKwU g¨vKvwbK¨vj Kw¤úDUvi Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUvi Kw¤úDUvi Avwe®‹„Z nq hv g¨vKvwbK¨vj Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K 200 ¸Y MwZ m¤úbœ Ges †mwU ax‡i ax‡i DbœZ n‡q AvR‡Ki Kw¤úDUvi| jW© evqi‡bi †g‡q Ô‡jwW G¨vWv evqibÕ c„w_exi cÖ_g Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvgwU Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
Kw¤úDUv‡ii †kÖwYwefvM: Kv‡Ri w`K †_‡K Kw¤úDUvi `yBfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| 1. GbvjM Kw¤úDUvi 2. wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUvi|
1.       GbvjM Kw¤úDUvi: Analog Computer KvR K‡i cwigvcb c×wZ‡Z| †hgb we`y¨‡Zi Zv‡ii †fv‡ë‡Ri IVv-bvgv, †Kvb cvB‡ci †fZ‡ii evZvm ev Zij c`©v‡_©i Pvc Kg †ewk nIqv, evZvm cÖevn I Pvc cwiewZ©Z nIqv BZ¨vw` cwigvc‡bi wfwˇZ GbvjM Kw¤úDUvi KvR K‡i|
2.      wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUvi: Digital Computer KvR K‡i cÖwZKx msL¨vi gva¨‡g cÖvß Instruction Gi gva¨‡g| evBbvix †KvW A_©vr †fv‡ë‡Ri Dcw¯’wZ mbv³ K‡i Gi gva¨‡g KvR K‡i|
Kv‡Ri ÿgZv Ges AvKv‡ii wfwˇZ Kw¤úDUvi cÖavbZ 4 cÖKvi| 1. Super Computer 2. Mainframe Computer 3. Mini Computer 4. Micro Computer
1.       Super Computer: mycvi Kw¤úDUvi n‡”Q me‡P‡q kw³kvjx, e¨qeûj Ges me‡P‡q `ªæZMwZ m¤úbœ Kw¤úDUvi| e¨w³MZ ch©v‡q Gme Kw¤úDUvi e¨eüZ nq bv, †Kej miKvwi ev Lye eo ai‡bi cÖwZôv‡b mycvi Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi Kiv nq|
2.      Mainframe Computer: mycvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii †P‡q Zzjbvg~jK Kg kw³kvjx Kw¤úDUvi n‡jv †gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUvi| Awdm-Av`vjZ, eo eo wkí I M‡elYv cÖwZôvb, e¨vsK-exgv BZ¨vw` cÖwZôv‡bi wecyj cwigvb I RwUj Z_¨ e¨e¯’cbvi Kv‡R †gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUvi e¨eüZ nq|
3.      Mini Computer: ‡gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUv‡ii †P‡q wgwb Kw¤úDUv‡ii Kv‡Ri ÿgZv I Kv‡Ri MwZ A‡dÿvK…Z Kg| †gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUvi I wgwb Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ Kv‡Ri aib I cÖwµqvMZ w`K w`‡q †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB|
4.      Micro Computer: gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi n‡”Q †QvU AvKv‡ii Kw¤úDUvi| GKRb e¨w³ GKwU gvÎ Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb| Awdm-Av`vjZ, e¨emvqx cÖwZôvb, wkÿv cÖwZôvb, e¨w³MZ cÖ‡qvRb BZ¨vw` me ai‡bi Kv‡R gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi n‡”Q| A_©vr Avgiv ni nv‡gkv †h Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi KiwQ Zv gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi|
‡cw›Uqvg-1 †_‡K †cw›Uqvg-8 ch©šÍ eZ©gv‡bi RbwcÖq IBM Kw¤úDUvi  ev A¨v‡cj g¨vwKb‡Uvm-Gi g¨vK cvIqvi wcwm ev G-4 g‡Wj n‡”Q RbwcÖq gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi| G‡K cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤úDUvi (PC) ev weR‡bm Kw¤úDUvi (BC) e‡j|
PC Gi cÖKvi‡f`:
mvaviYZ `yB ai‡bi cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤úDUvi cvIqv hvq| GKwUi bvg †W·Uc (Desktop) Ges Ab¨wU †cv‡U©ej (Portable)| †W·Uc †Uwe‡j ivLv nq Ges ¯’vbvšÍi †hvM¨ bq| hw` K‡qKwU †W·Uc Kw¤úDUvi w`‡q GKwU †bUIqvK© ˆZwi Kiv nq Z‡e cÖavb Kw¤úDUvi‡K mvf©vi ev †Wv‡gBb e‡j Ges Ab¨¸wj‡K IqvK©‡÷kb e‡j|
†cv‡U©ej Avevi wZb ai‡bi-
1.       Laptop: GUv †`L‡Z myU‡K‡mi gZ Ges mvZ †_‡K 12 wK‡jvMªvg IRb n‡q _v‡K| GUv †W·U‡ci g‡Zv KvR K‡i|
2.      Notebooks: GUv ‡`L‡Z †bvUey‡Ki g‡Zv Ges wZb †_‡K 4 wK‡jvMÖvg IRb _v‡K|
3.      Palmtop: GwU †`L‡Z c‡KU K¨vjKz‡jU‡ii g‡Zv|
Kw¤DUv‡ii MVb, AvKvi, `ÿZv †f‡` wewfbœfv‡e ‡kÖwYweb¨vm Kiv hvq| mvaiYZ Kv‡Ri aib I Kv‡Ri cÖwµqvq Kw¤úDUvi‡K wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv nq| 1| G¨vbvjM Kw¤úDUvi 2| wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUvi 3| nvBweªW Kw¤úDUvi
G¨vbvjM Kw¤úDUvi:
G¨vbvjM kãwU G‡m‡Q G¨vbvjwR †_‡K| A_© mv`„k¨| KvR K‡i †Kvb ‡fŠZ ivwk‡K †g‡c Avi wWwRUvj KvR K‡i ¸‡Y ¸‡Y| G¨vbvjM Kw¤úDUvi KvR K‡i DòZv, AvqZb, ˆ`N¨© BZ¨vw`, Zv‡`i e‡j KbwUwbDqvm †fwi‡qej| †hgb R¡i evo‡j eySv hvq| G¨vbvjM Kw¤úDUviI G iKg bvbv wgj Luy‡R bvbv †fŠZ ivwk gv‡c Avi †mB gv‡ci cwieZ©b‡K LwZ‡q †`‡L| A_©vr Pvc  Zvc Zij c`v‡_©i cÖevn  BZ¨vw` cwieZ©bkxj Z‡_¨i Rb¨ †h ˆe`y¨wZK Zi½ m„wó nq, G¨vbvjM Kw¤úDUvi Zv BbcyU wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i| GBRb¨ KviLvbv Avi j¨ve‡iUwii bvbv cixÿvq gvc‡RvL, BwÄwbqvwis Avi ˆeÁvwbK cixÿvi wnmve wbKvk Gi Kv‡R G¨vbvjM Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi Kiv nq|
wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUvi:
wWwRU kã †_‡K wWwRUvj k‡ãi DrcwË| wWwRU n‡”Q msL¨v| cÖPwjZ A‡_© Kw¤úDUvi‡KB eySv‡bv nq| wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUvi eY©, msL¨v, ms‡KZ, cÖZxK BZ¨vw` BbcyU wnmv‡e e¨eüZ nq| wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUvi g~jZ MvwYwZK bxwZi wfwˇZ KvR K‡i Ges my² I wbf©yj djvdj cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUv‡i ˆe`y¨wZK cÖevn Pvjy wKsev eÜ Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i KvR K‡i| 0 (wR‡iv) Øviv ˆe`y¨wZK cÖevn eÜ Ges 1 Øviv ˆe`y¨wZK cÖevn Pvjy G `ywU Ae¯’v‡K eySvq| d‡j G ai‡bi Kw¤úDUvimg~n †KejgvÎ 0 Ges 1 Øviv mKj KvRKg© m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K| wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUvi LyeB wbf©yj _v‡K| KviY wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUvi KvR K‡i msL¨v ¸‡Y ¸‡Y|
nvBweªW Kw¤úDUvi:
G¨vbvjM Kw¤úDUvi Avi wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUvi G `yB †kÖwYi Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw³i mgš^‡q ˆZwi Kw¤úDUvi‡K nvBweªW Kw¤úDUvi e‡j| nvBweªW Kw¤úDUvi G¨vbvjM c×wZ‡Z BbcyU MÖnY K‡i ‡WUv cÖwµqvKiY Kivi c‡i Zv wWwRUvj c×wZ‡Z djvdj cÖ`vb K‡i| we‡kl ai‡bi ˆeÁvwbK M‡elYv Kvh©µg I ‡hmKj †ÿ‡Î G¨vbvjM I wWwRUvj ms‡KZ c×wZi wgkÖ Dcw¯’wZ we`¨gvb, †mmKj †ÿ‡Î G ai‡bi Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi Kiv nq|
b‡fvhvb, AvenvIqv wKsev nvmcvZv‡j nvBweªW Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| nvmcvZv‡j †ivMxi ZvcgvÎv, i³Pvc BZ¨vw` RvZxq †WUv Kw¤úDUv‡ii G¨vbvjM As‡ki mvnv‡h¨ MÖnY K‡i Ges †WUv¸‡jv wWwRUvj ms‡K‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q wWwRUvj As‡ki mvnv‡h¨ cÖwµqvKiY I djvdj cÖ`vb K‡i|
wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUv‡ii †kªwYwefvM:
mycvi Kw¤úDUvi:
G †kÖwYi Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi Z_¨ msiÿY ÿgZv, Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi ev Z_¨ cÖwµqvKi‡Yi `ªæZZv Awek¦vm¨ iK‡gi Ges AvK…wZMZ w`K n‡Z me©e„nr n‡q _v‡K| mycvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii MwZ cÖvq cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û GK wewjqb K¨v‡i±vi| eZ©gv‡b Ggb ai‡bi mycvi Kw¤úDUvi i‡q‡Q hv‡Z GK jÿ mvwK©U Ges cÖ‡Z¨K mvwK©‡U M‡o 30wU Dcv`vb A_©vr †gvU Dcv`v‡bi msL¨v 60 jÿ| GB Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi kã ˆ`N©¨ 64 weU †_‡K 160 weU ch©šÍ nq| my² M‡elYvq wecyj cwigvb Z_¨ we‡kølY, b‡fvhvb, Rw½ wegvb Ges †ÿcbv¯¿ wbqš¿Y, gnvKvk M‡elYv, cigvYy Pzjøx BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î mycvi Kw¤úDUvi e¨eüZ nq| me‡P‡q AvaywbK mycvi Kw¤úDUvi nvwbI‡qj I GbBwm †Kv¤úvwb wg‡j ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb hv cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 20 nvRvi †KvwU wb‡`©k cvjb Ki‡e| mvaviY GKUv mycvi Kw¤úDUvi 50,000 wcwmi mgvb wn‡me-wb‡Kk Kivi ÿgZv iv‡L|
‡gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUvi:
‡gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_ A‡bK¸‡jv †QvU Kw¤úDUvi hy³ K‡i GKm‡½ A‡bK gvbyl KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB Kw¤úDUv‡i GKm‡           ½ GKkZ R‡bi †ewk †jvK KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| †gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ KvR Kivi Rb¨ †h Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv hy³ Kiv nq Zv‡K Wv¤^ Uvwg©bvj e‡j| e„n`vKvi †gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ mn¯ªvwaK Wv¤^ Uvwg©bvj e¨envi Kiv nq|